What is Chicago/Turabian?

Chicago Style Citation 

• Notes and bibliography is the most common type of Chicago style citation and the main focus of this article. It is widely used in the humanities. Citations are placed in footnotes or endnotes, with a bibliography listing your sources in full at the end. Author-date style is mainly used in the sciences. It uses parenthetical in-text citations, always accompanied by a reference list at the end.

Turabian Style 

• Turabian is a version of Chicago style that’s specifically designed for students and researchers. If you’ve been told to follow Chicago style when writing your academic papers, thesis, or dissertation, it’s usually the Turabian guidelines that will be most useful to you.

The Chicago information provided in the Scribbr Knowledge Base is drawn primarily from the Turabian manual. Since the same guidelines are used in both cases, the terms “Turabian style” and “Chicago style” are often used interchangeably.